In English, the city can be called Thessaloniki, Salonika, Thessalonica, Salonica, Thessalonika, Saloniki, Thessalonike, or Thessalonice. It is the basis for the city's name in other languages: Солѹнъ ( Solunŭ) in Old Church Slavonic, סאלוניקו ( Saloniko) in Judeo-Spanish (שאלוניקי prior to the 19th century ) סלוניקי ( Saloniki) in Hebrew, ( Selenik) in Albanian language, سلانیك ( Selânik) in Ottoman Turkish and Selanik in modern Turkish, Salonicco in Italian, Solun or Солун in the local and neighboring South Slavic languages, Салоники ( Saloníki) in Russian, Sãrunã in Aromanian and Săruna in Megleno-Romanian. The name Σαλονίκη Saloníki is first attested in Greek in the Chronicle of the Morea (14th century), and is common in folk songs, but it must have originated earlier, as al-Idrisi called it Salunik already in the 12th century. It was named after the princess Thessalonike of Macedon, the half sister of Alexander the Great, whose name means "Thessalian victory", from Θεσσαλός Thessalos, and Νίκη 'victory' ( Nike), honoring the Macedonian victory at the Battle of Crocus Field (353/352 BC). The original name of the city was Θεσσαλονίκη Thessaloníkē. Inscription reading "To Queen Thessalonike, (Daughter) of Philip", Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki In 2013, National Geographic Magazine included Thessaloniki in its top tourist destinations worldwide, while in 2014 Financial Times FDI magazine (Foreign Direct Investments) declared Thessaloniki as the best mid-sized European city of the future for human capital and lifestyle. Thessaloniki is a popular tourist destination in Greece. Thessaloniki exhibits Byzantine architecture, including numerous Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments, a World Heritage Site, as well as several Roman, Ottoman and Sephardic Jewish structures. It passed from the Ottoman Empire to the Kingdom of Greece on 8 November 1912. It was conquered by the Ottomans in 1430 and remained an important seaport and multi-ethnic metropolis during the nearly five centuries of Turkish rule, and from the 16th to the 20th century was the only Jewish-majority city in Europe. An important metropolis by the Roman period, Thessaloniki was the second largest and wealthiest city of the Byzantine Empire. The city was founded in 315 BC by Cassander of Macedon, who named it after his wife Thessalonike, daughter of Philip II of Macedon and sister of Alexander the Great. The city's main university, Aristotle University, is the largest in the Balkans. Thessaloniki was the 2014 European Youth Capital. Events such as the Thessaloniki International Fair and the Thessaloniki International Film Festival are held annually, while the city also hosts the largest bi-annual meeting of the Greek diaspora.
The city is renowned for its festivals, events and vibrant cultural life in general, and is considered to be Greece's cultural capital.
It is Greece's second major economic, industrial, commercial and political centre, and a major transportation hub for Greece and southeastern Europe, notably through the Port of Thessaloniki.
The municipality of Thessaloniki, the historical centre, had a population of 319,045 in 2021, while the Thessaloniki metropolitan area had 1,091,424 inhabitants in 2021. It is bounded on the west by the delta of the Axios. Thessaloniki is located on the Thermaic Gulf, at the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea. It is also known in Greek as η Συμπρωτεύουσα ( i Symprotévousa), literally "the co-capital", a reference to its historical status as the Συμβασιλεύουσα ( Symvasilévousa) or "co-reigning" city of the Byzantine Empire alongside Constantinople. Thessaloniki ( / ˌ θ ɛ s ə l ə ˈ n iː k i/ Greek: Θεσσαλονίκη, ( listen)), also known as Thessalonica ( English: / ˌ θ ɛ s ə l ə ˈ n aɪ k ə, ˌ θ ɛ s ə ˈ l ɒ n ɪ k ə/), Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica ( / s ə ˈ l ɒ n ɪ k ə, ˌ s æ l ə ˈ n iː k ə/), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Gross regional domestic product ( PPP 2015)
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